PHP v5.3的新鲜玩意
PHP v5.3马上就要release了,这里让我们看看他有一些什么样的新特性。
1)_callStatic() magic 方法
class Foo
{
public static function __callStatic( $name, $args )
{
echo "Called method $name statically";
}
public function __call( $name, $args )
{
echo "Called method $name";
}
}
Foo::dog(); // outputs "Called method dog statically"
$foo = new Foo;
$foo->dog(); // outputs "Called method dog"
2)动态调用函数
class Dog
{
public function bark()
{
echo "Woof!";
}
<span style="color: #333399;">}
$class = "Dog"
$action = "bark";
$x = new $class(); // instantiates the class "Dog"
$x->$action(); // outputs "Woof!" </span>
3) 标准PHP库(SPL)
加了了少数几个容器类,比如,栈(SplStack)和固定数组(SplFixedArray)
$stack = new SplStack();
// push a few new items on the stack
$stack->push("a");
$stack->push("b");
$stack->push("c");
// see how many items are on the stack
echo count($stack); // returns 3
// iterate over the items in the stack
foreach ( $stack as $item )
echo "[$item],";
// the above outputs: [c][/c]
[/c],[b],[a] // pop an item off the stack echo $stack->pop(); // returns "c" // now see how many items are on the stack echo count($stack); // returns 2
4) Closures 功能
关于Closures,这是一个把函数定义成变量的玩意。让我们看几个例子:
示例一:
$string = "Hello World!";
$closure = function() use ($string) { echo $string; };
$closure();
Output:
Hello World!
示例二 使用引用的变量
$x = 1
$closure = function() use (&$x) { ++$x; }
echo $x . "\\n";
$closure();
echo $x . "\\n";
$closure();
echo $x . "\\n";
Output:
1
2
3
示例三,返回值
function getAppender($baseString)
{
return function($appendString) use ($baseString)
{ return $baseString .$appendString; };
}
示例四,Reflection
class Counter
{
private $x;
public function __construct()
{
$this->x = 0;
}
public function increment()
{
$this->x++;
}
public function currentValue()
{
echo $this->x . "\\n";
}
}
$class = new ReflectionClass("Counter");
$method = $class->getMethod("currentValue");
$closure = $method->getClosure()
$closure();
$class->increment();
$closure();
Output:
0
1
示例五,Reflection API
$closure = function ($x, $y = 1) {};
$m = new ReflectionMethod($closure);
Reflection::export ($m);
<strong>Output</strong>:
Method [ public method __invoke ] {
- Parameters [2] {
Parameter #0 [ $x ]
Parameter #1 [ $y ]
}
}
示例六,Uses Case
$logdb = function ($string) { Logger::log("debug","database",$string);};
$db = mysqli_connect("server","user","pass");
$logdb("Connected to database");
$db->query("insert into parts (part, description) values
("Hammer","Pounds nails");
$logdb("Insert Hammer into to parts table");
$db->query("insert into parts (part, description) values
("Drill","Puts holes in wood");
$logdb("Insert Drill into to parts table");
$db->query("insert into parts (part, description) values
("Saw","Cuts wood");
$logdb("Insert Saw into to parts table");
更为详细的文章,请参考这里,链接。
5) 使用namespace
新版的PHP会开始支持C++式的namespace,请参看示例:
示例一
/* Foo.php */
<?php
namespace Foo;
function bar()
{
echo "calling bar....";
}
?>
/* File1.php */
<?php
include "./Foo.php";
Foo/bar(); // outputs "calling bar....";
?>
/* File2.php */
<?php
include "./Foo.php";
use Foo as ns;
ns/bar(); // outputs "calling bar....";
?>
/* File3.php */
<?php
include "./Foo.php";
use Foo;
bar(); // outputs "calling bar....";
?>
<!--p include "./Foo.php"; use Foo; bar(); // outputs "calling bar....";-->
示例二,多重namespace
<!--p namespace Foo; class Test {} namespace Bar; class Test {} $a = new Foo\\Test; $b = new Bar\\Test; var_dump($a, $b);--> <?php
namespace Foo;
class Test {}
namespace Bar;
class Test {}
$a = new Foo\\Test;
$b = new Bar\\Test;
var_dump($a, $b);
Output:
object(Foo\\Test)#1 (0) {
}
object(Bar\\Test)#2 (0) {
}
<strong>Output:</strong>
object(Foo\\Test)#1 (0) { }
object(Bar\\Test)#2 (0) { }
示例三,不同文件中的namespace
/*定义*/
/* global.php */
<?php
function hello()
{
echo "hello from the global scope!";
}
?>
/* Foo.php */
<?php
namespace Foo;
function hello()
{
echo "hello from the Foo namespace!";
}
?>
/* Foo_Bar.php */
<?php
namespace Foo/Bar;
function hello()
{
echo "hello from the Foo/Bar namespace!";
}
?>
<!--p namespace Foo/Bar; function hello() { echo "hello from the Foo/Bar namespace!"; }-->
/*使用 */
<!--p include "./global.php"; include "./Foo.php"; include "./Foo_Bar.php"; use Foo; hello(); // outputs "hello from the Foo namespace!" Bar\\hello(); // outputs "hello from the Foo/Bar namespace!" \\hello(); // outputs "hello from the global scope!"--><?php
include "./global.php";
include "./Foo.php";
include "./Foo_Bar.php";
use Foo;
hello(); // outputs "hello from the Foo namespace!"
Bar\\hello(); // outputs "hello from the Foo/Bar namespace!"
\\hello(); // outputs "hello from the global scope!"
?>
更为详细的文章,请参考这里,链接。
6)开始支持Achieve包
正像JAR一样,PHP也要开始支持自己的Achieve包了,叫作,Phar。PHP提供了一整套函数来帮助开发人员创建和使用Phar,正如下面的示例所示:
创建:
$p = new Phar("/path/to/my.phar",
CURRENT_AS_FILEINFO | KEY_AS_FILENAME, "my.phar");
$p->startBuffering();
创建文件存根(stub)
$p->setStub("<!--p Phar::mapPhar(); include "phar://myphar.phar/index.php"; __HALT_COMPILER();-->");
加入文件:
$p["file.txt"] = "This is a text file";
$p["index.php"] = file_get_contents("index.php");
$p["big.txt"] = "This is a big text file";
$p["big.txt"]->setCompressedBZIP2();
//加入某目录下所有的文件
$p->buildFromDirectory("/path/to/files","./\\.php$/");
使用Phar
include "myphar.phar";
include "phar://myphar.phar/file.php";
更为详细的文章,请参考这里,链接。
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